What is DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis)?

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of Type 1 Diabetes.

It happens when the body doesn’t have enough insulin to use glucose for energy. When this occurs, the body begins to break down fat for fuel, which produces ketones.

 High ketone levels make the blood acidic — and that’s dangerous.

Why DKA is dangerous

DKA can lead to:

• Severe dehydration
  
  

• Loss of consciousness
  
  

• Swelling in the brain (rare but life-threatening)
  
  

• Death (if untreated)

Common Causes of DKA

DKA can occur when:

• T1D is not yet diagnosed
  
  

• Insulin is missed or not taken correctly
  
  

• Illness or infection increases insulin needs
  
  

• Pump or insulin delivery problems occur

Warning Signs of DKA

Seek medical help immediately if a child shows:

Early signs

• Frequent urination
  
  

• Excessive thirst
  
  

• High blood sugar
  
  

More serious signs

• Nausea or vomiting
  
  

• Stomach pain
  
  

• Rapid breathing
  
  

• Fruity-smelling breath
  
  

• Confusion or extreme fatigue

How to prevent DKA

DKA can often be prevented with:

- Regular glucose monitoring

- Taking insulin as prescribed

- Following a sick-day plan

- Checking ketones when blood sugar is high

If you suspect DKA

If a child has symptoms and ketones are present, call emergency services or go to the ER immediately. DKA requires urgent medical treatment.

Takeaway

DKA is a preventable emergency that can occur when Type 1 Diabetes is not recognized or managed. Early detection and treatment save lives.